Sapius wrote:Victor: If you throw a quantum die, its outcome will not be determined by the prior state of the world as best as we can determine. Randomness is when the outcomes of an event comprise a distribution such that specific outcomes aren't determined by the prior state of the system.
Well, how can we really claim the latter, if formerly we say ‘as best as we can determine’? Do/can we actually know/determine the entire prior state of the system? Or am I missing something?
yes, you are.
There is no such thing as 'actually know'. All knowledge is provisional and contextual. All knowledge is subject to revision. You are demanding divine revelation, not knowledge.
We similarly don't know that we live on the outer surface of a planet. There are very elegant mathematical models which cohere with all observations and yet which have us live on the inner surface of a 'bubble' in the infinite solid. We don't '
actually know'. We simply have our best predictively powerful theories, and they comprise knowledge.
We also have numerous attempts to ascribe determinism to quantum mechanics, which all tend to fail with various degrees of spectacle and/or perversion. The Einsteinian hidden variable theory, for example, was disproven by Bell's Theorem. In contrast, the transactional interpretation and the Bohm interpretation both avoid the Bell trap, at a cost -- transactional interpretation posits causality working backwards in time, and Bohm interpretation posits entities which are in principle unknowable (i.e. it's an
ontological interpretation). Alternatively, many-worlds and many-minds interpretations also posit entities which are completely inaccessible, and still leave us with a de-facto randomness -- in
this mind or universe, the outcome is still random by the definition of randomness I gave above, and you need a god's-eye view of the multiverse to render it otherwise.
So yeah, if you are willing to reach far enough, you can avoid accepting non-determinism -- by either surrendering unidirectional causality, or by embracing noumena and giving up on epistemic methodology of science; and by some other, even more spectacular, concessions. You are never
forced by evidence to accept any specific conclusion, you can always find an alternative exploration if you are willing to twist far enough.