The various definitions of nihilism:
An extreme form of skepticism that denies all existence.
One of the philosophers referenced pretty often here is Nagarjuna. His "Fundamental Wisdom of the Middle Way" offers a way between the two extremes of nihilism (denying existence entirely) and reificationism (inherent existence).
The rejection of inherent existence can
look like nihilism to those that believe in inherent existence, because they have not seen that there is a middle way; it looks like an either/or proposition. But the Middle Way is most definitely a rejection of nihilism.
A doctrine holding that all values are baseless
This seems like cultural relativism. Particular cultures have particular values, and values do not have an
objective basis, but are based on the particular situation a culture finds itself in, and possibly on human nature, as well. (People usually have no problem with this idea when it comes to cultures other than their won, but often have a blind spot there.)
Some people do take that idea as a way to think that they are "beyond" values. But this is usually (IME) done naively, as an excuse to reject some
particular value, rather than values in general.
I don't see that as an argument for not having values, but as an argument for looking for values that are not arbitrary or situational - for instance, valuing truth.
and that nothing can be known or communicated.
What can you say to that? Seems blatantly self-contradictory.
Trevor Salyzyn wrote:Rejection of all distinctions in moral or religious value and a willingness to repudiate all previous theories of morality or religious belief.
If all previous theories of morality or religious belief were shown to have no respect for truth, or were internally contradictory, I would be more than willing to destroy them all.
This seems like a part that might have some meat to it. You might find yourself in a place that has no worthwhile values or beliefs, and you need to start from the ground up. Should you not be open to questioning all established values? If your parents are cannibals, should you unquestioningly go along with that, just because it it a pre-existing value? Why should something merely
being around previously give it any moral legitimacy?
The belief that destruction of existing political or social institutions is necessary for future improvement.
That would be a stupid belief for me to hold, since I know absolutely nothing about sociology or politics. For all I know, the institutions we have might be perfectly suitable for the type of animals we are.
I might advocate the destruction of some particular institutions that, in my opinion, cause more harm than good. I don't think that makes me a nihilist, though. And I don't call for the overthrow of anything through the use of force, which seems to be implied in the political definition. (Politically, I think of nihilism as an extreme, militant form of anarchism.)
This also seems to be a value judgement about particular institutions in existence at some particular place and time - not a philosophical position. I don't know much about 19th century Russia - maybe it really was that screwed up.
The same applies to the religious question - I don't advocate destroying religious faith or belief by force. I would advocate reason, where religion advocates unquestioning acceptance ("faith").
millipodium wrote:The word is accurate dan.
Hard to say, since you haven't specified which of the four or five senses of the word you are using.... although I'm pretty sure you aren't referring to 19th century Russia, so much.
Milli, could
this definition be more what you have in mind?
1 a : a viewpoint that traditional values and beliefs are unfounded and that existence is senseless and useless b : a doctrine that denies any objective ground of truth and especially of moral truths
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