Ioluas wrote:It is odd that they are not really two and yet understanding them as two is essential for us to understand reality.
Indeed, the Principle of Interdependent Complementarity is exceedingly difficult to understand, but understand it we must, if we are to delve into the true nature of things.
Again, this is difficult because we are saying that nothing happens and yet we say that things arise. Do they arise or not?
Relatively speaking, things arise, persist for a time, and then cease, and there causes lie in other things which precede them. However, from the absolute, all things are illusions, brought about by a state of delusion which the Buddhists call ‘maya’. Maya arises because sentient beings, through the faculty of their imaginations, imagine that there are real entities abiding in a real world, and partaking of various activities.
I've no argument, but it could also be that the stimulation to the eyeballs causes some movement, of blood perhaps, which might release photons. At the same time, I am again confused as to the objective world and its purpose. Perhaps the mind is quite capable of generating the sense of color with no outside input, yet when people open their eyes, they do see the same thing, and as we have discussed previously, this universe is generated by an omnipotent mind with perfect knowledge. What you are describing is like the movie the Matrix, in which sleeping beings are given a dream in which they think they are awake. What would be the purpose of creating this universe, if we could just have the Matrix?
Cognitive scientists have demonstrated that the sensation of colour – along with all other sensations, may be brought about merely by stimulating the appropriate centre in the brain, therefore, the sensation of colour cannot originate in the eye, nor in the connective nerves which attach them to the brain. Now, the reasonable conclusion is this: if all sensations have their origin in the sentient mind, and nothing may be perceived or imagined except in term of these sensations, it follows that the sensations are that which give rise to the idea of the thing, and not the other way round.
If you don't mind, tell me quickly the difference between essence and property. I have gone through and tried to find that but didn't.
A property is any essential characteristic which originates ‘intrinsically’ or ‘inherently’ within the thing itself – and so belongs to the thing. For example, knowledge is a property of awareness, but knowledge has no properties of its own - only essences.
Your analogies are as always good and certainly give me a glimmer of possibility, but quickly my mind thinks of objections. That is, our world might be just like that computer algorithm, but it might not be. What is the purpose of the law of identity which as you say allows science to do its work, if the elements are nothing more than an algorithm? Is not the reality of a cartoon much more shallow than the actual items. A cartoon dog versus an actual dog?
Yes, of course, and so too are the entities which inhabit our dreams inferior to those in the objective world. However, the absolute is omnipresent, omniscient and omnipotent, and it operates in accordance with a perfect and inviolable law.
I am sorry to be so dense - truly I am. What do you mean here by operative cause. In some cases you seem to mean something like a person. Are you implying that it is the absolute who is the cause of the new properties that occur when two constituents come together? Why shouldn't the amalgamation of two constituents give rise to new properties? Or why not consider them latent properties? I agree that the absolute set everything up - but you seem to be saying, what? that it is the mind of the absolute which actually directly causes every interaction and reaction?
By ‘operative cause’ I mean that which binds the constitutive causes together in such a way that they form an 'entity' (distinct existent). For example, the operative cause of any manmade thing ultimate lies in the mind of its creator, for a potter must first intend to make a pot, and this intention then gives rise to the idea of a pot, and this idea broken down and translated into muscular motion, which by the mediation of various tools manipulates the moist clay (constitutive causes) and causes it to form a pot. However, this is merely how it appears to work, for brains and muscles and tools and clay are all relative entities, and so are not real, and so they cannot be the true causes of the pot.
Yes, I see the problem, and I must say that I have had good insights into the both/and neither/nor condition of reality in other realms, but I am finding this one particularly difficult.
It's not that I don't see what you're getting at, I just am not able to see that it is definitely so. It so much seems that matter has been imbued with certain properties and that it operates according to how it is set up, which is to interact. I had mentioned earlier, that perhaps we needed to spend time on the difference between real and actual. Is that what we are doing? This is a real stumbling block for me. I do apologize.
Very well, let us return to the concepts of absolute and relative, and see if we cannot break through whatever obstacle is holding you back.
An entity is generally defined as that which has a ‘distinct existence’, as apposed to a ‘quality’ or ‘relation’; neither of which can be perceived or imagined independently. For example, a colour (quality) cannot be perceived or imagined without that it embodies some pattern of distribution (relation) within the visual field of awareness. If the outer boundary of the embodied pattern is, for example, everywhere equidistant from it centre, then the resulting ‘entity’ is called a disk (if two-dimensional) or a sphere (if three-dimensional). Consequently, every entity must comprise at least one quality and one relation (e.g., matter = mass + extension).
Now, there are only two possible ways in which an entity may be constituted, either its quality and relation must abide intrinsically within the entity itself, or they must abide elsewhere – extrinsically. However, it must be remembered that this division of Being into two interdependent and complementary modes is a purely intellectual affair, for as we have already said, Being is existentially indivisible. Consequently, both of these modes must necessarily partake of existence, although not in the same manner. Further, because of their ‘complementary relationship’, we may infer that the two modes are mutually exclusive, and even before we begin to deduce their specific characteristics, we know that whatever characteristic may predicated of one mode cannot be predicated of the other.
If an entity is possessed of its own intrinsic quality and relation, then it follows that if that quality and relation exist, so too must the entity itself exist; and if either quality or relation does not exist, neither can the entity itself exist. Further, such an entity is said to be ‘real’, for it exists ‘in-and-of-itself’, and is dependent upon nothing else (extrinsic) for its existence – what in the Buddhist tradition would be called a ‘self-inhering self’. The absolute entity, if it exists, is then incapable of undergoing any sort of change whatsoever, for since it intrinsic quality and relation constitute that which is necessary and sufficient to it being (its causes), it follows that it either is or it is not, but it cannot transition from one state to another – and so is ‘immutable’. Such an immutable entity is called an ‘absolute entity’, and is said to partake of a ‘necessary existence’.
If an entity is not possessed of its own intrinsic quality and relation, then it follows that its existence must be dependent upon the coming together of an extrinsic quality and relation, both of which must already exist independent of the entity itself, and of each other. Such an entity is said to partake of only a ‘contingent existence’, for even if its quality and relation do exist, the entity itself need not necessarily exist. Consequently, such an entity is subject to arising, persisting and ceasing, and all manner of intermediate changes, for such an entity does not exist in-and-of-itself, but in the relationship between it extrinsic quality and relation – a relationship which abides in a state perpetual flux. For this reason, such an entity is said to be a ‘relative entity’ and is not real, but merely 'apparent'.
Any questions or comments thus far?