[Edit: found it! viewtopic.php?f=10&t=7395&hilit=christians+and+me]
I've been reading C.S. Lewis' and Kierkegaard's books lately, and thoroughly enjoying how the latter beats the former at his own game.
Kierkegaard was born too soon! Imagine him denouncing the likes of Chesterton and Lewis in the same way he did Bishop Mynster. Lewis would probably soil himself in mortal terror and become a Wiccan or Scientologist along with the rest of his disciples. Perhaps that would result in modern Christianity being a bit less of a urine-soaked blanket than it is.
But descriptions of false Christianity from almost two centuries ago are not very exciting. I felt I needed to kill some time...I mean, find a more recent example. So I scoured the right wing and social conservative enclaves of the internet for untold aeons until I found this guy:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_C._W ... 8author%29
Yes, John C. Wright, who as it turns out I actually know about since I've read a couple of his books (he is a science fiction author). He's no Dick, but if you're a scifi/fantasy fan there is a good chance you've at least heard of him. The guy is also an apologist of the Dennis Hopper variety, and is afflicted by a strain of logorrhea which is simultaneously frustrating and very entertaining. He's like our own Alex in a way, if Alex took a decisive leap of faith and an overdose of chalk.
I was shocked - not by his loquacious craziness, which I expected because I've read his books, but rather by the fact that he is a Christian. I'd had the impression, when I read his books some years ago, that he was an atheist or agnostic of some sort with perhaps some New Age tendencies. On further reading, it turns out he was an atheist who converted to Christianity after suffering a heart attack.
As with all neophytes, his zealotry is potent. If a man loves only himself in his beloved, then it follows that he hates only himself in his nemesis. Thus, men reserve their bitterest bile for those who display those characteristics they hate in themselves, and even more so if they have managed to overcome or suppress those traits to some degree (or believe they have done so).
In the case of this individual, it seems he is a mostly irrational man who nevertheless feels compelled to be rational to some extent, and has managed to get rid of his intellectual compunction about his beloved irrational thoughts by calling them his "Christian faith", and then equating that "faith" with rationality.
Mental ballet is the best way to describe it. Most of his arguments (as put forth in this article) are eristic. They dance around the actual point or issue until the audience is impressed and then bow out. Indeed, it is amazing how similar theologians and their voluntarily subservient apologists are to lawyers. They argue like snakes, pretending to be composed and oh-so-logical right until the opportune moment for the swift venomous bite. If they have to resort to this sort of behaviour to defend or vindicate their faith in God, then this faith is about as genuine as a lawyer's faith in Justice.
But, as they say in science fiction, "show, don't tell". Here is the article by him that inspired this post:
http://www.everyjoe.com/2015/11/11/life ... -damage/#1
Yes, that is in fact what the article's called ladies and gentlemen - "Atheism causes brain damage"! We can safely conclude right at the outset that this man believes there is a place called heaven where we go after we die, as long as we are nice of course. Oh, and also on the condition that we aren't cleverdicks and hasten our departure thereto by committing suicide the moment we come to know of such a place. One must, you see, live one's earthly life as long as God intends. Deciding to end it oneself is rebellion against God's decision, whereas sustaining it is not. We know this because God himself tells us so in his book, or in visions and wonders when language alone is insufficient.
But I digress. Let's have a look at what he actually says:
There are two kinds of atheist: a rational atheist, whose disbelief in God is grounded on some rational reason he can articulate
That's nice to hear, because us rational atheists don't get a lot of plug these days. Everyone just uses "atheist" as a blanket term for all atheists, and frankly that's just rational-ist!
I have noticed of late the rational atheists are disappearing and the irrational atheists blooming,
All the better for right-thinking Christians like Mr. Wright here to practice their compassion! Those slender, sickly little irrational minds need only suckle on some faith-laden boobies to get back on the old straight and narrow (as I'm sure Mr. Wright knows well enough). The rational ones are the real problem here, as they are sucklings to the plump-breasted monster Lubrica, who has six anuses and weals for nipples, and whose milk is a pasty residue of Original Sin derived from unbaptized infants.
and fear I know the cause.
I'm sure I think I believe he thinks he believes he does.
In my youth, one could find from time to time an honest and thoughtful man who, not believing in God, could give a rational and honest reason for his disbelief.
Translation: I myself used to be a rational atheist, and my atheism was rational because I had very good reasons for not believing in God. However, after becoming a Christian I "discovered" even more reasonable reasons for believing in God. Even an ISO 9001 bona fide rational atheist like myself had to eventually submit to the Christian faith, the rationality of which I was inadequately rational to recognise. Therefore, God certainly exists, and certainly hasn't died laughing at his worshippers.
He could say it would be a logical contradiction to believe that an omnipotent and benevolent creator could permit evil a place in his creation, since if the creator lacks the power to prevent it, the creator is not omnipotent, or lacks the motive, not benevolent.
Or the rational atheist could say an omniscient being possessing or bestowing free will was paradoxical, since only the acts of an unfree will can be foreknown.
The rational atheist could say that natural causes were sufficient to explain the cosmos and man’s role in it, so no inquiry into supernatural causes is needed.
Or a rational atheist could say that Christian theology was essentially the same as pagan mythology, and since even Christians admit the myths of other religions are manmade falsehoods, there is no rational way to defend the Christian myth as true while condemning all others false.
Finally, a rational atheist could point out various inconsistencies in the Bible or in Church tradition, or enormities committed by followers of Christ, to lend weight to any doubts one might entertain in taking the Bible or the Church as a trustworthy authority or trustworthy witness. This final argument is not meant to prove atheism is true, merely that skepticism toward Christian claims is justified.
So far, our evangelist seems to using a rhetorical trick very common in legal practice. He pretends to impartially represent the opponent's view, but words or presents it in such a way that it can be refuted by an argument he makes later on. He ignores the bits he cannot use to his advantage, and focuses precisely on those he can.
On the other hand, he may genuinely believe that these are the best arguments offered by rational atheists. Indeed, most atheists do use all or some these arguments to make their case against religion.
In any case, the fact is that there are plenty of other, strictly logical, arguments that are also advanced by more than enough atheists even in our dissolute age. Mr. Wright does not address them, either knowingly or out of genuine ignorance. The arguments he presents have loose ends.
For example, if one assumes the existence of an omniscient being, then it is possible to validly claim that such a being both possesses and bestows free will. After all, omniscience would mean being instantaneously aware of all actual and possible events or chains of events, so an omniscient being is not forced to commit to any of them due to his knowledge of them. And man, being made in the image of an omniscient being, has inherited some form of this freedom and sustains it through his faith in that being.
However, it is logically impossible for any finite being to be omniscient, because in order to understand the true nature of everything it would have to contrast everything with something apart from everything. The latter cannot exist by definition. An infinite being, on the other hand, is also logically impossible. Is our evangelist friend unaware of this argument? Possibly, but it is more likely he does not use it as an example of an argument given by rational atheists because it is irrefutable and uncontroversial. Free will, on the other hand, is a matter of great contention and bringing it into any discussion helps the incorrect position by distracting attention from it.
I regret to report that, so far in my career as a Christian, not one of these rational atheist arguments has been encountered by me.
Not one.
I don't think this fact will convince anyone that atheists who offer rational arguments are either scarce or non-existent. Well, anyone who doesn't already think so.
Indeed, one can read a more coherent argument against the existence of God in Thomas Aquinas, where he states the opposing position he intends to disprove, than you can find in any modern atheist tract.
I do not necessarily disagree with this statement, but let's have a look at the actual text:
This objection is false because it assumes that an infinite whole can have qualities such as goodness and evil. It's just a cogent version of the argument - "vids, pics and (far more uncommonly) experiences of terrible things made me stop believing in God".Objection 1. It seems that God does not exist; because if one of two contraries be infinite, the other would be altogether destroyed. But the word "God" means that He is infinite goodness. If, therefore, God existed, there would be no evil discoverable; but there is evil in the world. Therefore God does not exist.
Reply to Objection 1. As Augustine says (Enchiridion xi): "Since God is the highest good, He would not allow any evil to exist in His works, unless His omnipotence and goodness were such as to bring good even out of evil." This is part of the infinite goodness of God, that He should allow evil to exist, and out of it produce good.
- Article 3 of the Chapter "The One God" from the first part of Summa Theologica.
This objection is also false because it assumes that there is an inherent distinction between natural and voluntary (artificial/man-made) things.Objection 2. Further, it is superfluous to suppose that what can be accounted for by a few principles has been produced by many. But it seems that everything we see in the world can be accounted for by other principles, supposing God did not exist. For all natural things can be reduced to one principle which is nature; and all voluntary things can be reduced to one principle which is human reason, or will. Therefore there is no need to suppose God's existence.
Reply to Objection 2. Since nature works for a determinate end under the direction of a higher agent, whatever is done by nature must needs be traced back to God, as to its first cause. So also whatever is done voluntarily must also be traced back to some higher cause other than human reason or will, since these can change or fail; for all things that are changeable and capable of defect must be traced back to an immovable and self-necessary first principle, as was shown in the body of the Article.
- Article 3 of the Chapter "The One God" from the first part of Summa Theologica.
The author of the article explains just how utterly irrational irrational atheists are before making his next point, which is:
Of the several arguments for the existence of God, the easiest to grasp is this: in order to deduce any truths about nature, one must affirm the principle that all effects spring from causes, that is, nothing comes from nothing. Hence, saying truth exists is tantamount to saying men can reason about it, which is turn implies that cause and effect exists.
I agree with Mr. Wright that effects spring from causes, but causes also spring from the effects of other causes. Every cause is also an effect. Nor can truth be said to exist, because untruth doesn't exist. Rather, everything that exists is truth.
Now, we call the sum total of all natural events the cosmos. The cosmos either had a beginning, or not. If it had no beginning, then all chains of cause and effect reach backward endlessly to no first cause.
If we define any event whatsoever as a "natural event", then the sum total of all events cannot have a beginning. The reason, quite simply, is that there are no other events which can make it begin.
But this beginningless chain of events is like supposing we could see a line of railroad cars without a first car, that is, without an engine to impart speed to the second car. We see one car pulled by the car before it, which in turn is being pulled by another before it, and we wonder why this cannot continue endlessly. Perhaps we imagine is a train track that circles the globe, with each car attached to the one in front, and the whole line is in motion; or perhaps we imagine a track reaching across an infinite flat plain with an endless line of cars rushing past. But no matter how we imagine an engineless train, if there is no engine, we cannot imagine why these cars are moving at their present speed, and not ten miles per hour more slowly. We cannot imagine why they should be moving at all.
Likewise, whether one imagines the cosmos, as the Hindu does, as an endless circle of eternally returning events, or imagines it, as the Steady State theory holds, as an endless line reaching forever back into the infinite past with no first point, one cannot imagine what defines the cosmos in its current form. Something, the current speed of the railcars, or the current situation of the universe, comes from nothing, from nowhere, for no reason. But our first principle of cause and effect rejects this.
Hence from philosophical reasoning alone, we can deduce the cosmos must have had a beginning before which was neither time nor space, matter nor energy.
All this posturing for the sake of the cosmological argument? Speaking of railway trains:
Think of a very long railway train – but long ago the locomotive ran away from it. Christendom is like this. Generation after generation has imperturbably continued to link the enormous train of the new generation to the previous one, solemnly saying: We will hold fast to the faith of the fathers. Thus Christendom has become the very opposite of what Christianity is. Christianity is restlessness, the restlessness of the eternal. Any comparison here is flat and tedious – to such a degree that the restlessness of the eternal is restless. Christendom is tranquillity. How charming, the tranquillity of literally not moving.
- Soren Kierkegaard
Now that's a rational atheist to hang your hat on.
Again, since no effect arises without a sufficient cause, the cause of the cosmos must be something outside the sum of all natural events, but potent enough to cause them all.
The cosmos includes all causes, whether natural or supernatural. The question of whether it has a cause proceeds from a false premise - that the cosmos itself is a cause, i.e, a finite thing with causes and effects.
The cause which gave rise to time and matter must therefore be eternal and immaterial, that is, a timeless spirit.
The cosmos itself gave rise to time and matter and everything that exists, simply because there cannot be anything else by definition. In this sense, it may be called a first or ultimate cause. However, the relationship between the cosmos and the specific things included within it is not literally a causal one, because causes are distinct from their effects. Nothing can be distinct from the cosmos. In fact, the above stated relationship cannot be given a name at all, because it is ultimately the cosmos itself.
So, then, is the cosmos an eternal incorporeal spirit? I myself envision it as a donkey's foot.
The evangelist now makes an almost equally convincing historical argument:
From this argument we can defend Deism, the watchmaker God of the philosophers, but not the specifics of the Christian faith. That defense rests on another type of argument, an historical argument. Christianity is not a philosophy, like Deism; it makes a specific historical claim, hence philosophical reasoning absent historical reasoning is insufficient to defend it.
[...]
Now, miracles we can define as divine intervention: a natural effect or event arising from a supernatural cause. If no miracles are possible by definition, we need not look into the evidence or testimony of any particular miracle. If, however, even one miracle is shown to have happened, this opens the possibility that others have as well, and therefore each reported case of an alleged miracle must be examined on the merits of the historical evidence.
But we have just defined a miracle as a natural event arising from a supernatural cause. The creation of the cosmos, by definition, must be such an event, since nature did not exist before time and matter and the sum total of nature we call the cosmos existed. Hence miracles are possible.
This leaves us with this question of the historical accuracy of the testament affirmed in the New Testament. Not being a philosophical argument, the persuasive value here depends on the weight given the evidence, and each bit of evidence must be examined prudently both in its own right and in how it fits into the historical picture, and whether any pertinent personal experience coheres with the model of the world thus presented, or contradicts it.
(A man who has seen a ghost, for example, and has no reason to doubt his senses, has an experience that coheres with at least some versions of reportedly supernatural events, but this experience does not necessarily cohere with a purely naturalistic explanation to explain away such reports, since such explanations would call him a victim of hallucination, or a fraud.)
Such a minute historical argument is far too tedious to repeat in this short column, but the conclusion of any honest examination of the record is brief enough to utter in a sentence: no one disputes the testimony of the Gospel for historical reasons, only for philosophical reasons.
No one says, for example, that since a manuscript contains a report of a miracle but also of many other anachronisms or things contradicted by other sources, that manuscript is false and hence the otherwise credible the miracle ought not be believed. The skeptic only ever argues that, taking it as given that miracles do not exist, a manuscript containing a report of a miracle is by definition unreliable, even if it contains no anachronisms and the non-miraculous events so reported are confirmed by other contemporary sources.
But the alleged historical untrustworthiness of the Bible is always the starting point of the so-called freethinker who wants to erode the authority of the biblical testimony.
Yet these arguments rapidly founder when the standards applied to any other historical argument about the reliability of an ancient documents are employed: the fact that the Bible has more copies, more contemporary or near-contemporary confirmation, than any other ancient document undermines any legitimate skepticism. There is more evidence that Jesus Christ existed and said and did the things he is reported to have said and done than there is evidence that Julius Caesar existed and did what he is said to have done. There are more and clearer documentary evidence that Saint Paul existed than Cicero. And so on.
The freethinker soon finds his historical nitpicking at the Bible is futile unless he addresses and audience that already, and for philosophical rather than historical reasons, does not believe in miracles.
But, as we have seen, to disbelief in miracles requires eventually a disbelief in the creator, which, in turn, requires either a disbelief in cause and effect, or a disbelief in the cosmos, or a disbelief in the truth, or (what amounts to much the same thing) a disbelief in man’s ability to know the truth.
The most obvious problem with historically justifying any religious faith is that historical facts, being scientific facts, are tentative. How can faith, which relies upon absolute principles, be substantiated by science?
Regardless of how much historical evidence is available that proves the existence of Jesus or his divinity, it can never justify the faith in his existence or divinity, because such a thing cannot be proven by definition. Any proof in support of it proves something entirely different from it, e.g., the desire of Christians to feel good about themselves. It is either believed or ignored. But let's hear what the rational atheist Soren Kierkegaard has to say about this:
“History,” says faith, “has nothing at all to do with Jesus Christ; with regard to him we have only sacred history (which is qualitatively different from history in general), which relates the story of his life in the state of abasement, also that he claimed to be God. He is the paradox that history can never digest or convert into an ordinary syllogism. He is the same in his abasement as in his loftiness—but the eighteen hundred years, or if it came to be eighteen thousand years, has nothing [XII 29] at all to do with it. These brilliant results in world history, which almost convince even a professor of history that he was God, these brilliant results are certainly not his coming again in glory! But this is just about how one understands it; it shows again that Christ is made into a human being whose coming again in glory cannot be or become anything other than the result of his life in history—whereas Christ’s coming again in glory is something entirely different from this, something that is to be believed. He abased himself and was wrapped in rags—he will come again in glory, but the brilliant results, especially on closer inspection, are too shabby a glory, in any case a totally incongruous glory that faith therefore never mentions when it speaks of his glory. He still exists only in his abasement, until he, something that is believed, comes again in glory. History may be an excellent branch of knowledge, but it must not become so conceited that it undertakes what the Father will do, to array Christ in glory, clothing him in the glittering trappings of results, as if this were the second coming. That in his abasement he was God, that he will come again in glory—this goes not a little beyond the understanding of history; this cannot be drawn from history, no matter how matchlessly one regards it, except through a matchless lack of dialectic.”
- Soren Kierkegaard in "Practice in Christianity".
The rest of the article carries on in the same vein of eristical arguments, aimed at making points rather than proving them, using truths as camouflage and half-truths as ammunition to defend utter lies or nonsense.
But what was really the point of this long post? Well, mostly to kill time, but also (I believe) to show what the thing usually called religious faith actually is. The gods of Christendom or Hinduism are not really ideas or imaginary entities as many atheists and agnostics seem to think, because in themselves they are just nonsense. They only make sense when attached to ways of life, political, social or cultural identities and so on.
Genuine faith rests upon the All, which performs no miracles, makes no promises and dictates no laws. Its miracles are already authenticated, its promises already fulfilled and its laws already enforced. But humanity sees nothing extraordinary in any of this, and calls anyone who does a simple-minded narcissist.